Linux Paket Yöneticileri Karşılaştırması

Linux'ta program kurmak için paket yöneticisi adlı programlar kullanılır. Bazen penceredirler, bazen uçbirimdedirler, bazen de her ikisidirler. Bu yazımda uçbirimden çalışanları derledim.

Eylem	Arch	Red Hat/Fedora	Debian/Ubuntu
Ad(lar)ı yazılan paket(ler)i indir	pacman -S	dnf install	apt-get install
Ad(lar)ı yazılan paket(ler)i kaldır	pacman -Rs	dnf remove	apt-get autoremove
Paket arama	pacman -Ss	dnf search	apt-cache search
Paketler güncelle - eski sürümü kurulu olan paketlerin yeni sürümünü kur	pacman -Syu	dnf upgrade	apt-get update; apt-get upgrade
Upgrade Packages - Another form of the update command, which can perform more complex updates -- like distribution upgrades. When the usual update command will omit package updates, which include changes in dependencies, this command can perform those updates.	pacman -Syu	dnf distro-sync	apt-get dist-upgrade
Reinstall given Package - Will reinstall the given package without dependency hassle.	pacman -S	dnf reinstall	apt-get install --reinstall
Installs local package file, e.g. app.rpm and uses the installation sources to resolve dependencies	pacman -U	dnf install	dpkg -i && apt-get install -f
Updates package(s) with local packages and uses the installation sources to resolve dependencies	pacman -U	dnf upgrade	debi
Use some magic to fix broken dependencies in a system	pacman dep level - testdb, shared lib level - findbrokenpkgs or lddd	dnf repoquery --unsatisfied	apt-get --fix-broken aptitude install
Only downloads the given package(s) without unpacking or installing them	pacman -Sw	dnf download	apt-get install --download-only (into the package cache) apt-get download (bypass the package cache)
Remove dependencies that are no longer needed, because e.g. the package which needed the dependencies was removed.	pacman -Qdtq | pacman -Rs -	dnf autoremove	apt-get autoremove
Downloads the corresponding source package(s) to the given package name(s)	Use ABS && makepkg -o	dnf download --source	apt-get source / debcheckout
Remove packages no longer included in any repositories.		package-cleanup --orphans	aptitude purge '~o'
Install/Remove packages to satisfy build-dependencies. Uses information in the source package.	automatic	dnf builddep	apt-get build-dep
Add a package lock rule to keep its current state from being changed	/etc/pacman.conf modify IgnorePkg array	dnf.conf <--”exclude” option (add/amend)	apt-mark hold pkg
Delete a package lock rule	remove package from IgnorePkg line in /etc/pacman.conf		apt-mark unhold pkg
Show a listing of all lock rules	cat /etc/pacman.conf		/etc/apt/preferences
Add a checkpoint to the package system for later rollback		(unnecessary, done on every transaction)
Remove a checkpoint from the system	N/A	N/A
Provide a list of all system checkpoints	N/A	dnf history list
Rolls entire packages back to a certain date or checkpoint.	N/A	dnf history rollback
Undo a single specified transaction.	N/A	dnf history undo
Mark a package previously installed as a dependency as explicitly required.	pacman -D --asexplicit		apt-mark manual
Install package(s) as dependency / without marking as explicitly required.	pacman -S --asdeps		aptitude install 'pkg&M'
Package information management
Get a dump of the whole system information - Prints, Saves or similar the current state of the package management system. Preferred output is text or XML. (Note: Why either-or here? No tool offers the option to choose the output format.)	(see /var/lib/pacman/local)	(see /var/lib/rpm/Packages)	apt-cache stats
Show all or most information about a package. The tools' verbosity for the default command vary. But with options, the tools are on par with each other.	pacman -[S|Q]i	dnf list, dnf info	apt-cache show / apt-cache policy
Search for package(s) by searching the expression in name, description, short description. What exact fields are being searched by default varies in each tool. Mostly options bring tools on par.	pacman -Ss	dnf search	apt-cache search
Display changelogs			apt-get changelog
e-mail delivery of package changes			apt-get install apt-listchanges
Lists packages which have an update available. Note: Some provide special commands to limit the output to certain installation sources, others use options.	pacman -Qu	dnf list updates, dnf check-update	apt-get upgrade -> n
Display a list of all packages in all installation sources that are handled by the packages management. Some tools provide options or additional commands to limit the output to a specific installation source.	pacman -Sl	dnf list available	apt-cache dumpavail apt-cache dump (Cache only) apt-cache pkgnames
Displays packages which provide the given exp. aka reverse provides. Mainly a shortcut to search a specific field. Other tools might offer this functionality through the search command.	pkgfile <filename>	dnf provides	apt-file search <filename>
Display packages which require X to be installed, aka show reverse/ dependencies.	pacman -Sii	dnf provides	apt-cache rdepends / aptitude search ~Dpattern
Display packages which conflict with given expression (often package). Search can be used as well to mimic this function.		repoquery --whatconflicts	aptitude search '~Cpattern'
List all packages which are required for the given package, aka show dependencies.	pacman -[S|Q]i	dnf repoquery --requires	apt-cache depends / apt-cache show
List what the current package provides		dnf provides	dpkg -s / aptitude show
List the files that the package holds. Again, this functionality can be mimicked by other more complex commands.	pacman -Ql $pkgname pkgfile -l	dnf repoquery -l $pkgname	dpkg-query -L $pkgname
List all packages that require a particular package		repoquery --whatrequires [--recursive]	aptitude search \~D{depends,recommends,suggests}:pattern / aptitude why pkg
Search all packages to find the one which holds the specified file. auto-apt is using this functionality.	pkgfile -s	dnf provides	apt-file search
Display all packages that the specified packages obsoletes.		dnf list obsoletes	apt-cache show
Verify dependencies of the complete system. Used if installation process was forcefully killed.	testdb	dnf repoquery --requires	apt-get check
Generates a list of installed packages	pacman -Q	dnf list installed	dpkg --list | grep ^i
List packages that are installed but are not available in any installation source (anymore).	pacman -Qm	dnf list extras	deborphan
List packages that were recently added to one of the installation sources, i.e. which are new to it.	(none)	dnf list recent	aptitude search '~N' / aptitude forget-new
Show a log of actions taken by the software management.	cat /var/log/pacman.log	dnf history	cat /var/log/dpkg.log
Clean up all local caches. Options might limit what is actually cleaned. Autoclean removes only unneeded, obsolete information.	pacman -Sc pacman -Scc	dnf clean all	apt-get clean / apt-get autoclean / aptitude clean
Add a local package to the local package cache mostly for debugging purposes.	cp $pkgname /var/cache/pacman/pkg/		apt-cache add
Display the source package to the given package name(s)		repoquery -s	apt-cache showsrc
Generates an output suitable for processing with dotty for the given package(s).			apt-cache dotty
Set the priority of the given package to avoid upgrade, force downgrade or to overwrite any default behavior. Can also be used to prefer a package version from a certain installation source.	${EDITOR} /etc/pacman.conf Modify HoldPkg and/or IgnorePkg arrays		/etc/apt/preferences, apt-cache policy
Remove a previously set priority			/etc/apt/preferences
Show a list of set priorities.			apt-cache policy /etc/apt/preferences
Ignores problems that priorities may trigger.
Installation sources management	${EDITOR} /etc/pacman.conf	${EDITOR} /etc/yum.repos.d/${REPO}.repo	${EDITOR} /etc/apt/sources.list
Add an installation source to the system. Some tools provide additional commands for certain sources, others allow all types of source URI for the add command. Again others, like apt and dnf force editing a sources list. apt-cdrom is a special command, which offers special options design for CDs/DVDs as source.	/etc/pacman.conf	/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo	apt-cdrom add
Refresh the information about the specified installation source(s) or all installation sources.	pacman -Sy (always upgrade the whole system afterwards)	dnf clean expire-cache && dnf check-update	apt-get update
Prints a list of all installation sources including important information like URI, alias etc.	cat /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist	cat /etc/yum.repos.d/*	apt-cache policy
Disable an installation source for an operation		dnf --disablerepo=
Download packages from a different version of the distribution than the one installed.		dnf --releasever=	apt-get install -t release package/ apt-get install package/release (deps not covered)
Other commands
Start a shell to enter multiple commands in one session			apt-config shell
Package Verification
Single package	pacman -Qk[k] <package>	rpm -V <package>	debsums
All packages	pacman -Qk[k]	rpm -Va	debsums
Package Querying
List installed local packages along with version	pacman -Q	rpm -qa	dpkg -l
Display local package information: Name, version, description, etc.	pacman -Qi	rpm -qi	dpkg -s / aptitude show
Display remote package information: Name, version, description, etc.	pacman -Si	dnf info	apt-cache show / aptitude show
Display files provided by local package	pacman -Ql	rpm -ql	dpkg -L
Display files provided by a remote package	pkgfile -l	repoquery -l	apt-file list pattern
Query the package which provides FILE	pacman -Qo	rpm -qf (installed only) or dnf provides (everything)	dpkg -S / dlocate
Query a package supplied on the command line rather than an entry in the package management database	pacman -Qp	rpm -qp	dpkg -I
Show the changelog of a package	pacman -Qc	rpm -q --changelog	apt-get changelog
Search locally installed package for names or descriptions	pacman -Qs	rpm -qa '*<str>*'	aptitude search '~i(~n name|~d description)'
List packages not required by any other package	pacman -Qt	package-cleanup --all --leaves	deborphan -anp1
Building Packages
Build a package	makepkg -s	rpmbuild -ba (normal) mock (in chroot)	debuild
Check for possible packaging issues	namcap	rpmlint	lintian
List the contents of a package file	pacman -Qpl <file>	rpmls rpm -qpl	dpkg -c
Extract a package	tar -Jxvf	rpm2cpio | cpio -vid	dpkg-deb -x
Query a package supplied on the command line rather than an entry in the package management database	pacman -Qp	rpm -qp	dpkg -I
Action	Arch	Red Hat/Fedora	Debian/Ubuntu