Eylem | Arch | Red Hat/Fedora | Debian/Ubuntu |
Ad(lar)ı yazılan paket(ler)i indir | pacman -S | dnf install | apt-get install |
Ad(lar)ı yazılan paket(ler)i kaldır | pacman -Rs | dnf remove | apt-get autoremove |
Paket arama | pacman -Ss | dnf search | apt-cache search |
Paketler güncelle - eski sürümü kurulu olan paketlerin yeni sürümünü kur | pacman -Syu | dnf upgrade | apt-get update; apt-get upgrade |
Upgrade Packages - Another form of the update command, which can perform more complex updates -- like distribution upgrades. When the usual update command will omit package updates, which include changes in dependencies, this command can perform those updates. | pacman -Syu | dnf distro-sync | apt-get dist-upgrade |
Reinstall given Package - Will reinstall the given package without dependency hassle. | pacman -S | dnf reinstall | apt-get install --reinstall |
Installs local package file, e.g. app.rpm and uses the installation sources to resolve dependencies | pacman -U | dnf install | dpkg -i && apt-get install -f |
Updates package(s) with local packages and uses the installation sources to resolve dependencies | pacman -U | dnf upgrade | debi |
Use some magic to fix broken dependencies in a system | pacman dep level - testdb, shared lib level - findbrokenpkgs or lddd | dnf repoquery --unsatisfied | apt-get --fix-broken aptitude install |
Only downloads the given package(s) without unpacking or installing them | pacman -Sw | dnf download | apt-get install --download-only (into the package cache) apt-get download (bypass the package cache) |
Remove dependencies that are no longer needed, because e.g. the package which needed the dependencies was removed. | pacman -Qdtq | pacman -Rs - | dnf autoremove | apt-get autoremove |
Downloads the corresponding source package(s) to the given package name(s) | Use ABS && makepkg -o | dnf download --source | apt-get source / debcheckout |
Remove packages no longer included in any repositories. | package-cleanup --orphans | aptitude purge '~o' | |
Install/Remove packages to satisfy build-dependencies. Uses information in the source package. | automatic | dnf builddep | apt-get build-dep |
Add a package lock rule to keep its current state from being changed | /etc/pacman.conf modify IgnorePkg array |
dnf.conf <--”exclude” option (add/amend) | apt-mark hold pkg |
Delete a package lock rule | remove package from IgnorePkg line in /etc/pacman.conf | apt-mark unhold pkg | |
Show a listing of all lock rules | cat /etc/pacman.conf | /etc/apt/preferences | |
Add a checkpoint to the package system for later rollback | (unnecessary, done on every transaction) | ||
Remove a checkpoint from the system | N/A | N/A | |
Provide a list of all system checkpoints | N/A | dnf history list | |
Rolls entire packages back to a certain date or checkpoint. | N/A | dnf history rollback | |
Undo a single specified transaction. | N/A | dnf history undo | |
Mark a package previously installed as a dependency as explicitly required. | pacman -D --asexplicit | apt-mark manual | |
Install package(s) as dependency / without marking as explicitly required. | pacman -S --asdeps | aptitude install 'pkg&M' | |
Package information management | |||
Get a dump of the whole system information - Prints, Saves or similar the current state of the package management system. Preferred output is text or XML. (Note: Why either-or here? No tool offers the option to choose the output format.) | (see /var/lib/pacman/local) | (see /var/lib/rpm/Packages) | apt-cache stats |
Show all or most information about a package. The tools' verbosity for the default command vary. But with options, the tools are on par with each other. | pacman -[S|Q]i | dnf list, dnf info | apt-cache show / apt-cache policy |
Search for package(s) by searching the expression in name, description, short description. What exact fields are being searched by default varies in each tool. Mostly options bring tools on par. | pacman -Ss | dnf search | apt-cache search |
Display changelogs | apt-get changelog | ||
e-mail delivery of package changes | apt-get install apt-listchanges | ||
Lists packages which have an update available. Note: Some provide special commands to limit the output to certain installation sources, others use options. | pacman -Qu | dnf list updates, dnf check-update | apt-get upgrade -> n |
Display a list of all packages in all installation sources that are handled by the packages management. Some tools provide options or additional commands to limit the output to a specific installation source. | pacman -Sl | dnf list available | apt-cache dumpavail apt-cache dump (Cache only) apt-cache pkgnames |
Displays packages which provide the given exp. aka reverse provides. Mainly a shortcut to search a specific field. Other tools might offer this functionality through the search command. | pkgfile <filename> | dnf provides | apt-file search <filename> |
Display packages which require X to be installed, aka show reverse/ dependencies. | pacman -Sii | dnf provides | apt-cache rdepends / aptitude search ~Dpattern |
Display packages which conflict with given expression (often package). Search can be used as well to mimic this function. | repoquery --whatconflicts | aptitude search '~Cpattern' | |
List all packages which are required for the given package, aka show dependencies. | pacman -[S|Q]i | dnf repoquery --requires | apt-cache depends / apt-cache show |
List what the current package provides | dnf provides | dpkg -s / aptitude show | |
List the files that the package holds. Again, this functionality can be mimicked by other more complex commands. | pacman -Ql $pkgname pkgfile -l |
dnf repoquery -l $pkgname | dpkg-query -L $pkgname |
List all packages that require a particular package | repoquery --whatrequires [--recursive] | aptitude search \~D{depends,recommends,suggests}:pattern / aptitude why pkg | |
Search all packages to find the one which holds the specified file. auto-apt is using this functionality. | pkgfile -s | dnf provides | apt-file search |
Display all packages that the specified packages obsoletes. | dnf list obsoletes | apt-cache show | |
Verify dependencies of the complete system. Used if installation process was forcefully killed. | testdb | dnf repoquery --requires | apt-get check |
Generates a list of installed packages | pacman -Q | dnf list installed | dpkg --list | grep ^i |
List packages that are installed but are not available in any installation source (anymore). | pacman -Qm | dnf list extras | deborphan |
List packages that were recently added to one of the installation sources, i.e. which are new to it. | (none) | dnf list recent | aptitude search '~N' / aptitude forget-new |
Show a log of actions taken by the software management. | cat /var/log/pacman.log | dnf history | cat /var/log/dpkg.log |
Clean up all local caches. Options might limit what is actually cleaned. Autoclean removes only unneeded, obsolete information. | pacman -Sc pacman -Scc |
dnf clean all | apt-get clean / apt-get autoclean / aptitude clean |
Add a local package to the local package cache mostly for debugging purposes. | cp $pkgname /var/cache/pacman/pkg/ | apt-cache add | |
Display the source package to the given package name(s) | repoquery -s | apt-cache showsrc | |
Generates an output suitable for processing with dotty for the given package(s). | apt-cache dotty | ||
Set the priority of the given package to avoid upgrade, force downgrade or to overwrite any default behavior. Can also be used to prefer a package version from a certain installation source. | ${EDITOR} /etc/pacman.conf Modify HoldPkg and/or IgnorePkg arrays |
/etc/apt/preferences, apt-cache policy | |
Remove a previously set priority | /etc/apt/preferences | ||
Show a list of set priorities. | apt-cache policy /etc/apt/preferences | ||
Ignores problems that priorities may trigger. | |||
Installation sources management | ${EDITOR} /etc/pacman.conf | ${EDITOR} /etc/yum.repos.d/${REPO}.repo | ${EDITOR} /etc/apt/sources.list |
Add an installation source to the system. Some tools provide additional commands for certain sources, others allow all types of source URI for the add command. Again others, like apt and dnf force editing a sources list. apt-cdrom is a special command, which offers special options design for CDs/DVDs as source. | /etc/pacman.conf | /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo | apt-cdrom add |
Refresh the information about the specified installation source(s) or all installation sources. | pacman -Sy (always upgrade the whole system afterwards) | dnf clean expire-cache && dnf check-update | apt-get update |
Prints a list of all installation sources including important information like URI, alias etc. | cat /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist | cat /etc/yum.repos.d/* | apt-cache policy |
Disable an installation source for an operation | dnf --disablerepo= | ||
Download packages from a different version of the distribution than the one installed. | dnf --releasever= | apt-get install -t release package/ apt-get install package/release (deps not covered) | |
Other commands | |||
Start a shell to enter multiple commands in one session | apt-config shell | ||
Package Verification | |||
Single package | pacman -Qk[k] <package> | rpm -V <package> | debsums |
All packages | pacman -Qk[k] | rpm -Va | debsums |
Package Querying | |||
List installed local packages along with version | pacman -Q | rpm -qa | dpkg -l |
Display local package information: Name, version, description, etc. | pacman -Qi | rpm -qi | dpkg -s / aptitude show |
Display remote package information: Name, version, description, etc. | pacman -Si | dnf info | apt-cache show / aptitude show |
Display files provided by local package | pacman -Ql | rpm -ql | dpkg -L |
Display files provided by a remote package | pkgfile -l | repoquery -l | apt-file list pattern |
Query the package which provides FILE | pacman -Qo | rpm -qf (installed only) or dnf provides (everything) | dpkg -S / dlocate |
Query a package supplied on the command line rather than an entry in the package management database | pacman -Qp | rpm -qp | dpkg -I |
Show the changelog of a package | pacman -Qc | rpm -q --changelog | apt-get changelog |
Search locally installed package for names or descriptions | pacman -Qs | rpm -qa '*<str>*' | aptitude search '~i(~n name|~d description)' |
List packages not required by any other package | pacman -Qt | package-cleanup --all --leaves | deborphan -anp1 |
Building Packages | |||
Build a package | makepkg -s | rpmbuild -ba (normal) mock (in chroot) |
debuild |
Check for possible packaging issues | namcap | rpmlint | lintian |
List the contents of a package file | pacman -Qpl <file> | rpmls rpm -qpl | dpkg -c |
Extract a package | tar -Jxvf | rpm2cpio | cpio -vid | dpkg-deb -x |
Query a package supplied on the command line rather than an entry in the package management database | pacman -Qp | rpm -qp | dpkg -I |
Action | Arch | Red Hat/Fedora | Debian/Ubuntu |
8 Aralık 2015 Salı
Linux Paket Yöneticileri Karşılaştırması
Linux'ta program kurmak için paket yöneticisi adlı programlar kullanılır. Bazen penceredirler, bazen uçbirimdedirler, bazen de her ikisidirler. Bu yazımda uçbirimden çalışanları derledim.
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